{"id":231,"date":"2022-10-13T09:47:58","date_gmt":"2021-10-13T06:47:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/safirdemo.com\/atolye\/?p=231"},"modified":"2024-06-24T18:08:15","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T15:08:15","slug":"ornek-urun-konusu-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.poweredu.com.tr\/index.php\/2022\/10\/13\/ornek-urun-konusu-1\/","title":{"rendered":"RUSYA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Rusya<\/strong>,\u00a0resm\u00ee ad\u0131yla\u00a0Rusya Federasyonu<\/strong>\u00a0(Rus\u00e7a<\/a>:\u00a0\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u044f,\u00a0romanize<\/a>:\u00a0Rossiyskaya Federatsiya<\/small>, UFA:\u00a0[r\u0250\u02c8s\u02b2ijsk\u0259j\u0259 f\u02b2\u026ad\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ra\u02a6\u0259j\u0259]<\/a>\u24d8<\/a><\/sup>), Kuzey\u00a0Avrasya<\/a>‘da bulunan,\u00a0federal<\/a>\u00a0yar\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k<\/a>\u00a0tipi cumhuriyetle y\u00f6netilen bir \u00fclkedir.[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Kuzeybat\u0131dan g\u00fcneydo\u011fuya Rusya;\u00a0Norve\u00e7<\/a>,\u00a0Finlandiya<\/a>,\u00a0Estonya<\/a>,\u00a0Letonya<\/a>,\u00a0Litvanya<\/a>,\u00a0Polonya<\/a>\u00a0(ikisi birden\u00a0Kaliningrad Oblast\u0131<\/a>\u00a0ile),\u00a0Belarus<\/a>,\u00a0Ukrayna<\/a>,\u00a0G\u00fcrcistan<\/a>,\u00a0Azerbaycan<\/a>,\u00a0Kazakistan<\/a>,\u00a0\u00c7in<\/a>,\u00a0Mo\u011folistan<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0Kuzey Kore<\/a>\u00a0ile kom\u015fudur. Deniz s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olarak\u00a0Ohotsk Denizi<\/a>\u00a0ile\u00a0Japonya<\/a>,\u00a0Bering Bo\u011faz\u0131<\/a>\u00a0ile bir\u00a0ABD<\/a>\u00a0eyaleti olan\u00a0Alaska<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0Karadeniz<\/a>\u00a0ile\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye<\/a>\u00a0ile de kom\u015fudur. 17.098.246\u00a0km\u00b2, ilhak edilen b\u00f6lgelerle beraber 17.234.135\u00a0km\u00b2’lik[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc ile\u00a0D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n en geni\u015f \u00fclkesidir<\/a>[10]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0ve D\u00fcnya ya\u015fam alan\u0131n\u0131n sekizde birini kapsar. Rusya ayn\u0131 zamanda 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla 145,9 milyon n\u00fcfusu[11]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n\u00a0en kalabal\u0131k<\/a>\u00a0dokuzuncu \u00fclkesidir.\u00a0Kuzey Asya<\/a>‘n\u0131n tamam\u0131na ve\u00a0Do\u011fu Avrupa<\/a>‘n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131na uzanan Rusya, dokuz saat dilimine yay\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7evre ve yer \u015fekilleri bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusya’n\u0131n tarihi 3. ve 8. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda Avrupa’da tan\u0131nan bir grup olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Do\u011fu Slavlar\u0131<\/a> ile ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r.[12]<\/a><\/sup> 9. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Varegler<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan kurulan ve y\u00f6netilen Orta \u00c7a\u011f<\/a> Kiev Rus Devleti<\/a> ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 988 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>‘ndan Ortodoks Hristiyanl\u0131k<\/a> kabul edilerek, sonraki milenyum<\/a> i\u00e7in Rus k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc<\/a>, tan\u0131mlanan Bizans ve Slav k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin sentezi ba\u015flad\u0131.[13]<\/a><\/sup> Daha sonra Kiev Knezli\u011fi bir dizi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck devlet h\u00e2linde par\u00e7aland\u0131 ve topraklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Mo\u011follar<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan istila edilip Alt\u0131n Orda Devleti<\/a>‘nin kollar\u0131 h\u00e2line geldi.[14]<\/a><\/sup> 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Alt\u0131n Orda Devleti<\/a>‘nin iyice zay\u0131flamas\u0131yla birlikte, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eden Rus prenslikleri yava\u015f yava\u015f yeniden birle\u015ferek Moskova Knezli\u011fi<\/a>‘ni kurmu\u015f ve Kiev Knezli\u011fi’nin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve siyasi miras\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde fetih, ilhak ve ke\u015fif yoluyla Avrupa’da Polonya’dan Kuzey Amerika’da Alaska<\/a>‘ya kadar uzanan tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc imparatorlu\u011fu<\/a> olan Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a> h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir.[15]<\/a><\/sup>[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1917 Ekim Devrimi<\/a>‘nden sonra Rusya Sovyet Federatif Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti<\/a>, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk anayasal sosyalist devleti<\/a> ve II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/a>‘nda M\u00fcttefiklerin<\/a> zaferinde belirleyici bir rol oynayan[17]<\/a><\/sup>[18]<\/a><\/sup> tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7<\/a> olan Sovyetler Birli\u011fi<\/a>‘nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00f6nde gelen kurucusu olmu\u015ftur.[19]<\/a><\/sup> Sovyetler d\u00f6neminde D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n ilk yapay uydusu<\/a> ve ilk insanl\u0131 uzay u\u00e7u\u015fu<\/a> dahil olmak \u00fczere, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en \u00f6nemli teknolojik ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Rusya Federasyonu, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> ard\u0131ndan 1991’de kurulmu\u015ftur ve SSCB<\/a>‘nin ard\u0131l\u0131 olarak tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.[20]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 alanda, Rusya\u00a0demokrasi<\/a>,\u00a0insan haklar\u0131<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/a>\u00a0\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinde en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131ralanan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r; \u00fclkede ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde\u00a0yolsuzluk<\/a>\u00a0bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Rusya ekonomisi<\/a>,\u00a0nominal GSY\u0130H’e<\/a>\u00a0g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0dokuzuncu<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0sat\u0131n alma g\u00fcc\u00fc paritesine<\/a>\u00a0g\u00f6re\u00a0alt\u0131nc\u0131<\/a>\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisidir. Rusya d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck maden ve enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndan birine sahiptir[21]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0ve D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0petrol<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0do\u011falgaz<\/a>\u00a0\u00fcreticilerindendir. Rusya,\u00a0tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f<\/a>\u00a0be\u015f\u00a0n\u00fckleer silahl\u0131<\/a>\u00a0devletten biridir ve D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0kitle imha silah<\/a>\u00a0stoklar\u0131na sahiptir.[22]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Ayr\u0131ca\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerden<\/a>\u00a0biri olup\u00a0BM<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0BMGK<\/a>‘nin daimi \u00fcyesi,\u00a0G20<\/a>,\u00a0Asya-Pasifik Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi<\/a>,\u00a0\u015eanghay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc<\/a>,\u00a0Avrasya Ekonomi Toplulu\u011fu<\/a>,\u00a0Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc<\/a>\u00a0\u00fcyesi ve\u00a0Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Devletler Toplulu\u011fu<\/a>‘nun \u00f6nde gelen \u00fcyesidir. wikipedi’den al\u0131nt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusyada E\u011fitim <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusya, anayasal olarak t\u00fcm vatanda\u015flara paras\u0131z e\u011fitim<\/a> sunmaktad\u0131r.[232]<\/a><\/sup> Ancak s\u00fcbvansiyonlu y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretime giri\u015f son derece rekabet\u00e7idir.[233]<\/a><\/sup> E\u011fitimde bilim ve teknolojiye verilen b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem sonucunda, genellikle t\u0131p, matematik, bilim ve uzay ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 y\u00fcksek bir d\u00fczeydedir.[234]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana okul e\u011fitimi 11 y\u0131ld\u0131r. Devlete ait orta\u00f6\u011fretim okullar\u0131nda e\u011fitim paras\u0131zd\u0131r. \u00dcniversite d\u00fczeyinde e\u011fitim ise baz\u0131 istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fccretsizdir.[235]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda e\u011fitim b\u00fct\u00e7esi GSY\u0130H<\/a>‘n\u0131n %3.6 veya konsolide devlet b\u00fct\u00e7esinin %13’\u00fc olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.[236]<\/a><\/sup> H\u00fck\u00fbmet, her devlet kurumu i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015f bir kota veya \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7indeki \u00f6\u011frenim \u00fccretini \u00f6demek i\u00e7in fon ay\u0131r\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131nda, \u00f6\u011frencilere k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir burs<\/a> \u00f6denir ve \u00fccretsiz bar\u0131nma sa\u011flan\u0131r.[237]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En eski ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck Rus \u00fcniversiteleri<\/a>, Moskova Devlet \u00dcniversitesi<\/a> ve Sankt-Peterburg Devlet \u00dcniversitesi<\/a>‘dir. 2000’li y\u0131llarda, Rusya’n\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011frenim ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131 yaratmak amac\u0131yla, h\u00fck\u00fbmet \u00e7o\u011funlukla mevcut b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6lgesel \u00fcniversiteler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma enstit\u00fcleri birle\u015ftirilmesi ve \u00f6zel fon sa\u011flayarak federal \u00fcniversiteler<\/em> kurma program\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Bu yeni kurumlar G\u00fcney Federal \u00dcniversitesi<\/a>, Sibirya Federal \u00dcniversitesi<\/a>, Kazan Volga Federal \u00dcniversitesi<\/a>, Kuzey-Do\u011fu Federal \u00dcniversitesi<\/a> ve Uzak Do\u011fu Federal \u00dcniversitesi<\/a>‘dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rusya,\u00a0resm\u00ee ad\u0131yla\u00a0Rusya Federasyonu\u00a0(Rus\u00e7a:\u00a0\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0446\u0438\u044f,\u00a0romanize:\u00a0Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, UFA:\u00a0[r\u0250\u02c8s\u02b2ijsk\u0259j\u0259 f\u02b2\u026ad\u02b2\u026a\u02c8ra\u02a6\u0259j\u0259]\u24d8), Kuzey\u00a0Avrasya‘da bulunan,\u00a0federal\u00a0yar\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u00a0tipi cumhuriyetle y\u00f6netilen bir \u00fclkedir.[8]\u00a0Kuzeybat\u0131dan g\u00fcneydo\u011fuya Rusya;\u00a0Norve\u00e7,\u00a0Finlandiya,\u00a0Estonya,\u00a0Letonya,\u00a0Litvanya,\u00a0Polonya\u00a0(ikisi birden\u00a0Kaliningrad Oblast\u0131\u00a0ile),\u00a0Belarus,\u00a0Ukrayna,\u00a0G\u00fcrcistan,\u00a0Azerbaycan,\u00a0Kazakistan,\u00a0\u00c7in,\u00a0Mo\u011folistan\u00a0ve\u00a0Kuzey Kore\u00a0ile kom\u015fudur. Deniz s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olarak\u00a0Ohotsk Denizi\u00a0ile\u00a0Japonya,\u00a0Bering Bo\u011faz\u0131\u00a0ile bir\u00a0ABD\u00a0eyaleti olan\u00a0Alaska\u00a0ve\u00a0Karadeniz\u00a0ile\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye\u00a0ile de kom\u015fudur. 17.098.246\u00a0km\u00b2, ilhak edilen b\u00f6lgelerle beraber 17.234.135\u00a0km\u00b2’lik[9]\u00a0y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc ile\u00a0D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n en geni\u015f \u00fclkesidir[10]\u00a0ve D\u00fcnya ya\u015fam alan\u0131n\u0131n sekizde birini kapsar. Rusya ayn\u0131 zamanda 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla 145,9 milyon n\u00fcfusu[11]\u00a0ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n\u00a0en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":442,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[12,14,16],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.poweredu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.poweredu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.poweredu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.poweredu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.poweredu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=231"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.poweredu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":454,"href":"http:\/\/www.poweredu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231\/revisions\/454"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.poweredu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.poweredu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.poweredu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.poweredu.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}